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Pomerania during the Early Modern Age covers the History of Pomerania in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. The name ''Pomerania'' comes from Slavic ''po more'', which means ''Land at the Sea''.〔(''Der Name Pommern (po more) ist slawischer Herkunft und bedeutet so viel wie „Land am Meer“.'' ) (Pommersches Landesmuseum, German)〕 The Duchy of Pomerania was fragmented into Pomerania-Stettin (Farther Pomerania) and Pomerania-Wolgast (Western Pomerania) in 1532,〔Buchholz (1999), pp.205-220〕〔Theologische Realenzyklopädie (1997), p.40ff〕 underwent Protestant Reformation in 1534,〔Buchholz (1999), pp.205–212〕〔du Moulin Eckart (1976), pp.111,112〕〔Theologische (1997), pp.43ff〕 and was even further fragmented in 1569.〔Buchholz (1999), pp.207〕 In 1627, the Thirty Years' War reached the duchy.〔Buchholz (1999), p.233〕 Since the Treaty of Stettin (1630), it was under Swedish control.〔〔Buchholz (1999), pp.235,236〕 During the war, the last duke Bogislaw XIV died without an issue. Garrison, plunder, numerous battles, famine and diseases left two thirds of the population dead and most of the country ravaged.〔Buchholz (1999), p.263〕〔Buchholz (1999), p.332〕 In the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, the Swedish Empire and Brandenburg-Prussia agreed on a partition of the duchy, which came into effect after the Treaty of Stettin (1653). Western Pomerania became Swedish Pomerania, a Swedish dominion, while Farther Pomerania became a Brandenburg-Prussian province. A series of wars affected Pomerania in the following centuries. As a consequence, most of the formerly free peasants became serfs of the nobles.〔Buchholz (1999), p.264ff〕 Brandenburg-Prussia was able to integrate southern Swedish Pomerania into her Pomeranian province during the Great Northern War, which was confirmed in the Treaty of Stockholm in 1720.〔Buchholz (1999), pp.341-343〕 In the 18th century, Prussia rebuild and colonised her war-torn Pomeranian province.〔Buchholz (1999), pp.332,347,354〕 Throughout this time, Pomerelia was within Poland as province of Royal Prussia with certain degree of autonomy until 1569 when it was further integrated with Polish state. In the late 18th century, it was forcefully annexed by Kingdom of Prussia and subjected to Germanization efforts. == Pomerelia as a part of Royal Prussia (1466–1793) == (詳細はThirteen Years' War, in February 1454, the Prussian Confederation of cities and gentry trying to secede from the Teutonic Knights' monastic state, asked the Polish king for support against the Teutonic Order's rule and for incorporation of into the Polish kingdom. The war ended in October 1466 with the Second Peace of Thorn, which provided for the Order's cession to the Polish Crown of its rights over the western half of Prussia, including Pomerelia and the districts of Elbląg (Elbing), Malbork (Marienburg), and Chełmno (Kulm). Royal Prussia enjoyed a certain degree autonomy in its affiliation to the Crown of Poland - it had its own Diet, treasury and monetary unit and armies. It was governed by a council, subordinate to the Polish king, whose members were chosen from local lords and wealthy citizens. Prussians had also seats provided for them in Polish Diet, but they chose not to use this right until the Union of Lublin. In the Union of Lublin, Pomerelia became reorganized in the Pomeranian Voivodeship. In 1772 and 1793 Partition of Poland, it was annexed by Kingdom of Prussia, which created out of the conquered territories province of West Prussia. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pomerania during the Early Modern Age」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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